In response to rising cyber threats, governments are enacting new cybersecurity laws and regulations, with some, like the United States (US), moving from voluntary public-private partnerships to more stringent regulatory approaches, while others, like the European Union (EU), are updating existing regulations (e.g. the Network and Information Security (NIS) Directive 2, or NIS 2) and creating new ones (e.g., Cyber Resilience Act, CRA). These efforts often set precedents for other nations, but the lack of international coordination in cybersecurity regulation remains a challenge. This fragmentation, coupled with shortages of cybersecurity talent, risks diverting resources from essential cyber defense to compliance, potentially increasing costs, complexity, and undermining resilience and innovation. Some solutions include reciprocity agreements, adopting international standards, and leveraging third-party assessments to streamline regulations and improve global alignment.

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